TCP/IP Model
The TCP/IP Model While the OSI protocols developed slowly, due mainly to their formal committee based engineering approach, the TCP/IP protocol suite rapidly evolved and matured. With its public Request for Comments (RFC) policy...
Category: CCNA
The Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) Model
The Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) Model This defined a seven-layer model of data communications. Each layer of the OSI Reference Model provides a set of functions to the layer above and, in turn, relies...
IPV6 – Basics
IPv6 Basics IPv4 addresses are 32 bits long and are represented in dotted-decimal format. IPv6 addresses are 128 bits and are in hexadecimal format. The first 64 bits of an IPv6 address are reserved...
FHRP – First hop redundancy protocol
FHRP – First hop redundancy protocol is a computer networking protocol which is designed to protect the default gateway used on a sub network by allowing two or more routers to provide backup for that address; in the...
Frame Relay
Frame Relay Frame relay is a telecommunication service designed for cost-efficient data transmission for intermittent traffic between local area networks (LANs) and between end-points in a wide area network (WAN). Frame relay puts...
Switching
Switching Switching is process to forward packets coming in from one port to a port leading towards the destination. When data comes on a port it is called ingress, and when data...
Basic Routing
Routing Routing is the process of selecting best paths in a network which means if you have different paths to reach particular destination, so what/how would you choose the particular path. Routing in network...
CEF – Cisco Express Forwarding
CEF (Cisco Express Forwarding) Cisco Express Forwarding (CEF) is advanced, Layer 3 IP switching technology. CEF optimizes network performance and scalability for networks with large and dynamic traffic patterns, such as the Internet, on...
Access List
ACCESS-LIST Access control lists (ACLs) provide a means to filter packets by allowing a user to permit or deny IP packets from crossing specified interfaces. Just imagine you come to a fair and...
Network Address Translation – Port Address Translation
NAT (Network Address Translation) Address translation substitutes the real address in a packet with a mapped address that is routable on the destination network. NAT is composed of two steps: the process by which...
